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发布时间:2010-06-04 18:29:07
『ENoOK.CN在线语法』数词-数词的学习要点

数词-数词的学习要点


今日语法:数词的学习要点

1. 数词的种类

数词有基序数和序数词两类。

基数词表示数量的大小,如one, two, three, four等。

序数词表示序数,如first, second, third, fourth等。

数词与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称作限定词。

2. 基数词变为序数词的规则

(1)第1至第19一般是在基数词后加th,

但变化特殊的有one—first, two—second, three—third, eight—eighth, nine—ninth, five—fifth, twelve—twelfth。

(2)逢十的twenty, thirty…ninety,分别改y为ieth。

如twenty—twentieth, ninety—ninetieth。

(3)表示第几十几或第几百几十几,只需将个位数改为序数词。
如:
56—fifty-six—fifty-sixth,635—six hundred and thirty-five—six hundred and thirty-fifth.

3. 基数词的读写方法

(1)三位数的读写法:个位与十位之间用连字符“-”;百位与十位之间加and;十位为零时也要加and。
如:

365读作three hundred and six-five

605读作six hundred and five

(2)大于三位数的读写法:从个位起每三位打一个撇号“’”,第一个撇号读thousand,第二个撇号读million,各撇号之间的数按三位及三位以下的数的读法读。
如:

23, 589读作twenty-three thousand five hundred and eighty-nine

6, 632, 900读作six million six hundred and thirty-two thousand nine hundred

28, 000, 000读作twenty-eight million.

4. 序数词与冠词

(1)序数词前一般要加定冠词the。
如:

It’s the third time I’ve been here.
这是我第三次到这里来。

(2)表示在原有的基础上增加,即“又一,再一”时,用不定冠词。
如:

Shall I ask her a third time?
我还要问她一次吗?

(3)下列4种情况不用冠词。

①. 序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时,不能再用冠词。
如:

This is Tom’s second visit to China.
她是汤姆第二次访问中国。

②. 表示比赛或考试的名词时,通常省略定冠词。
如:

He was (the) second in the English exam.
在这次英语考试中他得了第二名。

③. 序数词被用作副词时不用冠词。

I have to finish my homework first.
我得先把作业完成好。

5. 在某些习语中不用冠词。

如at first起初, first of all首先, at first sight乍一看。

6. 数词的语法功能

(1)作主语:The second was better.第二个好些。

(2)作表语:She was second in her class.她在班上是第二名。

(3)作宾语:I was among the first to arrive.我是第一批到的。

(4)作定语:There are fifty states in the US.美国有五十个话别州。

7. 含有数字 one . two . three . four .的英语成语。

■one by one 一个个地
He went through the items on a list one by one. 他逐个处理单子上的项目。

■in one 合为一体
He’s President, Treasurer and Secretary in one. 他身兼会长、司库和秘书三职。

■one too many 多余的,不需要的
I found myself one too many among them. 我发现自己在他们当中是个多余的人。

■one in a thousand 优秀的人(或事物)
My brother is a one in a thousand. 我的兄弟是位优秀人物。

■two-way 双向的
We need a two-way switch. 我们需要一个双路开关。

■in twos 两个两个地
■in twos and threes 三三两两地

■in two twos 立刻;一转眼
My pen was lost in two twos. 我的钢笔一转眼就不见了。

■put two and two together 根据所见、所闻等推测出真相
He is rather inclined to put two and two together and make five. 他一推测就出圈儿。

■by twos and threes 三三两两
We went to the station by twos and threes. 我们三三两两地走向车站。

■三三两两 in twos and threes
They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来了。

■three-bottle man 大酒徒
His grandfather is a three-bottle man. 他外公是个大酒徒。

■four square 直率的;坦白的
The girl is four square. 这女孩很直率。

■on all fours 爬着
The baby was crawling about on all fours. 婴儿那时正在满处爬。

■four-lettered words 下流话
These books are full of four-lettered words. 这些书里脏话连篇。

■in fours 每组四个
Group together in fours! 每四人一组!

Practice today:

Translate the following phrases

(1). ____________ the students have passed the exam.
(四分之三的)学生考试及格了。

(2). The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to ______________.
如果世贸组织不能容纳占世界(五分之一人口)的国家,那它就算不上世界贸易组织了。

(3). ___________________ , the company has had another excellent year.
(因为产量提高了60%),所以公司那年又取得了很好的效益。




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