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1# 发布时间:2010-06-04 18:29:07
『ENoOK.CN在线语法』代词-疑问代词
代词-疑问代词
代词用法详解?疑问代词
1. 基本用法
英语中的疑问代词主要有 what, which, who, whom, whose,其中,what一般指物,有时也可用来问人的身份;who, whom, whose 一般指人;which 既可用来问人又可用来问物。 如: What have you been doing? 你一直在干什么?
Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸气机?
Which of you has made the most mistakes? 你们当中谁错得最多?
【说明】特殊疑问句的词序通常为“疑问词+一般疑问句”,但若疑问词直接用作主语,则其词序为“疑问词+谓语+其他成分”。
2. who 与 whom
who 为主格,用作主语, whom为宾格,用作宾格.
Who spoke at the meeting? 谁在会上发言了?
Whom are you talking about? 你们在谈论谁?
但是,当用作宾语的 whom 位于句首时,通常可用who 代之:
Who(m) is the letter from? 这信是谁寄来的?
若是紧跟在介词之后用作宾语,则只能用 whom。
3. what, which 与 who:
① 若后接名词(即用作限定词),只用which和what,不能用who:
Which / What train did you come on? 你是坐哪次火车来的?
What和 which 的区别是:当选择的范围较小或比较明确时,多用 which;
当选择的范围较较大或不明确时,多用 what:
Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?
What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?
但是,若指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也多用 which:
Which D8888DWhat] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家?
② 若其后不接名词(即用作代词),三者均可用,which和what的用法区别可参见上面的分析。至于who,它一般只用来指人(用作代词的 which 不用于指人),不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用:
Who won –– Tom or Mike? 谁赢了,是汤姆还是迈克?
Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?
当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时,who也可用which或which one代之:
Who D8888DWhich /Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢谁,父亲还是母亲?
③ 由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确,所以其后可以跟 else,表示其他的人(或事物),但却通常不跟表示特定范围的of 短语;而 which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确,所以其后一般不接 else,却常与表特定范围的of短语连用:
Who (What) else did you see there? 你在那儿还看到了别人的什么人(什么东西)?
Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大?
④ 另外,比较以下两句:
"Who is he?" 他是谁?(who 指姓名、关系等)
What is he? 他是干什么的?(what 指职业、地位等)
4、两类易混句型的区别
请先看以下两句:
What do you think he wants? 你认为他想要什么?
Do you know what he wants? 你知道他想要什么吗?
上面第一句为特殊疑问句,第二句为一般疑问句,它们不能倒过来说成Do you think what he wants? What do you know he wants? 其原则区别是:可以用 yes 或 no 回答者,用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中,即主句之后),
适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 know, hear, ask, tell 等;不能用 yes 或 no 回答者,用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首),
适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think, believe, suppose, guess 等:
Where do you suppose he has gone? 你认为他去什么地方了?
Did you ask why he had left so soon? 你问过他为什么那么快就离开了吗?
5、两个疑问代词同用的情况
请看以下实例:
Where and when were you born? 你出生在何时何地?
When and how did he go there? 他是什么时候、怎么去那儿的?
"Where is it?" "Where is what?" “它在哪儿?”“什么在哪儿?”
Practice today:
Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences
(1). —What can I do for you?
—I’d like to buy a book, ________ that was written by Lu Xun.
A. which B. one C. but D. all
(2)— ________ that he manage to get the information?
—Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it
C. How was it D. Why was it
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