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发布时间:2010-06-04 18:29:07
『ENoOK.CN在线语法』代词-疑问代词

代词-疑问代词


代词用法详解?疑问代词



1. 基本用法

英语中的疑问代词主要有 what, which, who, whom, whose,其中,what一般指物,有时也可用来问人的身份;who, whom, whose 一般指人;which 既可用来问人又可用来问物。
如:
What have you been doing?
你一直在干什么?

Who invented the steam engine?
谁发明了蒸气机?

Which of you has made the most mistakes?
你们当中谁错得最多?

【说明】特殊疑问句的词序通常为“疑问词+一般疑问句”,但若疑问词直接用作主语,则其词序为“疑问词+谓语+其他成分”。

2. who 与 whom

who 为主格,用作主语, whom为宾格,用作宾格.

Who spoke at the meeting?
谁在会上发言了?

Whom are you talking about?
你们在谈论谁?

但是,当用作宾语的 whom 位于句首时,通常可用who 代之:

Who(m) is the letter from?
这信是谁寄来的?

若是紧跟在介词之后用作宾语,则只能用 whom。

3. what, which 与 who:

① 若后接名词(即用作限定词),只用which和what,不能用who:

Which / What train did you come on?
你是坐哪次火车来的?

What和 which 的区别是:当选择的范围较小或比较明确时,多用 which;

当选择的范围较较大或不明确时,多用 what:

Which color do you like, red, black or white?
红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?

What color is your car?
你的汽车是什么颜色的?

但是,若指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也多用 which:

Which D8888DWhat] writers do you like?
你喜欢哪些作家?

② 若其后不接名词(即用作代词),三者均可用,which和what的用法区别可参见上面的分析。至于who,它一般只用来指人(用作代词的 which 不用于指人),不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用:

Who won –– Tom or Mike?
谁赢了,是汤姆还是迈克?

Who is your favorite poet?
你最喜欢的诗人是谁?

当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时,who也可用which或which one代之:

Who D8888DWhich /Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother?
你更喜欢谁,父亲还是母亲?

③ 由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确,所以其后可以跟 else,表示其他的人(或事物),但却通常不跟表示特定范围的of 短语;而 which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确,所以其后一般不接 else,却常与表特定范围的of短语连用:

Who (What) else did you see there?
你在那儿还看到了别人的什么人(什么东西)?

Which of the three girls is the oldest?
这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大?

④ 另外,比较以下两句:

"Who is he?" 他是谁?(who 指姓名、关系等)

What is he? 他是干什么的?(what 指职业、地位等)

4、两类易混句型的区别

请先看以下两句:

What do you think he wants?
你认为他想要什么?

Do you know what he wants?
你知道他想要什么吗?

上面第一句为特殊疑问句,第二句为一般疑问句,它们不能倒过来说成Do you think what he wants? What do you know he wants?
其原则区别是:可以用 yes 或 no 回答者,用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中,即主句之后),

适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 know, hear, ask, tell 等;不能用 yes 或 no 回答者,用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首),

适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think, believe, suppose, guess 等:

Where do you suppose he has gone?
你认为他去什么地方了?

Did you ask why he had left so soon?
你问过他为什么那么快就离开了吗?

5、两个疑问代词同用的情况

请看以下实例:

Where and when were you born?
你出生在何时何地?

When and how did he go there?
他是什么时候、怎么去那儿的?

"Where is it?" "Where is what?"
“它在哪儿?”“什么在哪儿?”

Practice today:

Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences

(1). —What can I do for you?

—I’d like to buy a book, ________ that was written by Lu Xun.

A. which B. one C. but D. all

(2)— ________ that he manage to get the information?

—Oh, a friend of his helped him.

A. Where was it B. What was it

C. How was it D. Why was it




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