代词-指示代词


今日语法：代词用法详解?指示代词

1. 指示代词概说

在英语中表示“这(这)，那(些)”的代词叫指示代词，它们主要包括this, these, that, those 四个。

见下表：

(点击查看大图)

2. 指示代词的用法注意点

(1) 若回指上文提到的事情，可用that或this，但要指下文叙述的事情时，则通常只用 this。
如：

He married one of his students, and this D8888Dthat] was known to us all.
他娶了他的一个学生，这是大家众所周知的事。

Listen to this: the man is not a professor but a cheat.
大家听着：这个人不是教授，是骗子。

This is the question, how to deal with it.
这是个问题：如何处理此事。(不能用that)

【说明】在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方。

(2) this和that 可作程度副词，相当于so，用来修饰形容词或副词。其义为“这么”、“那么”如：

Is the problem that easy?
问题有那么简单吗?

The fish I caught was this big.
我捕到的那条鱼有这么大。

(3) 不要误解类似以下句子的意思：

We’ve arranged to meet this day week.
我们安排好一星期后见面。

this day week 意为“一周后的今天”，类似地，this day year 则表示“一年后的今天”。
比较：six months ago today 的意思是“半年前的今天”，10 years ago today 的意思是“10年前的今天”。

(4) that和those后可接定语从句，that后接which引导的定语从句，those后接who引导的定语从句

其通常结构为 that which (=what), ，those who (=the people who)。
如：

That which is beautiful is not always true.
美的东西未必真实。

Those who break the law should be punished.
违法者应该受到惩罚。

that和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能；其中those可指人，但that不能。
如：

He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那件外表漂亮的东西。

He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。

He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）

that和those可替代前面出现的名词以避免重复，而this和these不能。
如：

The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. (that = the population)
中国人口比日本人口多得多。

His views are close to those of the Socialist Party. (those = the views)
他的观点接近社会党的观点。

【说明】this和 these两个指示代词习惯上不接定语从句。


this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。

3. 含 this和that的习语

with this 说完这些话 that is to say 也就是说

at this 一看到或听到 That’s all right 不用谢，没关系

this and that 各式各样的 this way and that 踌躇不决

for all this 尽管如此 this way 这样

in this way 用这中方法 not that 并不是说

now that 既然 that is 即，也，那就是

that rings the bell 答对了 that is it 对啦

that will do 够了，行了

今日练习：
选择填空：

(1). —He was nearly drowned once.

—When was ________?

—________was in 1998 when he was in middle school.

A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This

(2)Only ________ who had booked in advance were allowed in.

A. that B. this C. those D. these

(3). _________ felt funny watching myself on TV.

A. One B. This C. It D. That