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1# 发布时间:2010-06-04 18:29:07
『ENoOK.CN在线语法』代词-反身代词
代词-反身代词
今日语法:代词用法详解?反身代词
1. 反身代词的形式
反身代词用于指代某人或某物自己。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词 + self / selves”构成;第三人称反身代词由“人称代词的宾格 + self / selves”构成。
见下表:
(点击查看大图)
2. 反身代词的句法功能
反身代词主要用作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语)和同位语。 如:
All of them enjoyed themselves. 所有的人都玩得很好。
Help yourself to some fish. 请自己动手吃点鱼吧。
3. 用于构成习语
for oneself 给(为)自己,独自 to oneself 对自己
say to oneself 心里想 talk / speak to oneself 自言自语
come to oneself 苏醒过来 absent oneself 缺席
beside oneself 失常,若狂 by oneself 独自地,单独地
of oneself 独自,自发地
【说明】oneself与himself
当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself:
One should not praise oneself D8888Dhimself]. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。
4、反身代词的句法功能:
(1). 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末):主要起加强语气的作用,译作“亲自,本身,本人”。 如:
Did you make the cake yourself?(yourself作主语you的同位语)这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?
The work itself is easy。.(itself作主语the work的同位语)这工作本身很容易。
Did you see Mr. Wang himself?(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位语) 你见过王先生本人吗?
(2). 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。 如:
Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。
He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出决定。
She finally gained control of herself. 最后她控制住了自己。
She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。
Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在内所有人都患上流感。
【说明】用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down. 请坐。
(3). 用作表语:在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。 如:
I’m not myself today. 今天我感觉不舒服。
I am feeling myself again. 我觉得健康如昔。
【说明】偶尔,我们也用物主代词+形容词+self (名词), 如:
Meg doesn’t look her usual cheerful self today. 梅格今天看起来不像平时那么愉快。
Frank didn’t sound his happy self on the phone this morning. 弗兰克今天早上打电话时听声音不很高兴。
(4). 用作主语。在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等):
My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。
Jim’s sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。
He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。
(5). 用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。 如:
Help yourself! 请随便吃吧!/请自己去取吧!
Make yourself at home! 别客气!
Don’t upset yourself! 别自寻烦恼
Make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解。
今日练习: 翻译下面句子:
(1)I’ll be myself again in no time.
(2)Martin himself attended the sick man.
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